Finishing the Split-E

We've shared a few posts about Powell Handmade Custom flutes with a split-E, including a close-up on the mechanism and a quick snapshot from the finishing department.  You can find these posts by following this link to "Close-Up on Split-E" and this one to "Offset G and Split-E."

This week, we stopped by the finishing department as finisher Matt Keller was working on the split-E mechanism for an Aurumite 14k Handmade Custom.  So, we began to wonder... Are there differences between finishing flutes with and without the split-E? Matt told us that there are a few, and in general, a flute with a split-E takes longer to finish because it has more adjustments.  Of course, the adjustments are on the additional parts required for the split-E mechanism which you will see in the photos below:

Matt holds additional part of split-E mechanism.

The part turned over with arrows pointing to adjustments: 

felt (yellow arrow) and cork (red arrow).

Close up on cork adjustments.

Although it does take longer to finish a flute with a split-E, Matt feels that the independent motion of the mechanism's G keys can help with at least one challenge.  He explained that flutes without a split-E have two G keys that have to open and close together, as shown in the photo below:

Matt told us that the synchronized motion of these two keys can make padding them quite complicated!  With a split-E mechanism, the G keys are separate and move independently, which makes padding them a bit less challenging than when the keys move together.  To demonstrate this, Matt released one of the springs so that we could see one of the G keys open and one of them closed (as highlighted by the red arrows in the photo below):

In conclusion, we realized that there are differences in terms of materials (additional adjustments on split-E), parts, and the mechanics of the mechanisms, but the finishing process itself remains the same -- and the end result is a smoothly functioning mechanism!

Building Bridges

Powell's pinless mechanism is found on the Handmade Custom and Handmade Conservatory flutes.  It is a mechanism that allows for different movement of multiple keys on one steel. As opposed to being pinned to the mechanism, keys on a pinless mechanism are connected by bridges.  You can read a previous post on the pinless mechanism, complete with links to video demonstrations by Powell's president, Steven Wasser, by following this link.

We stopped by the stringing department to visit with Stefania Iamandei as she was building bridged mechanisms for Conservatory flutes.  

The bridged mechanism is comprised of several different parts that vary depending on the specifications of the flute.  For instance, the left hand piece is different depending on whether the flute has an inline or offset G.  The right hand has an additional piece for flutes made with a split-E.  You will see the bridge components in the photo below.

Stefania was putting together the mechanism for a flute with an offset G and split-E when we stopped by.  We outlined the components in the photo below (left hand piece is red, right hand piece is yellow, split-E piece is light blue). The split-E section that is "upside down" on the bench does not have the long piece yet that is located between key cups, so we have that piece outlined in a darker blue on the mechanism in the photo below.

The two bridges are outlined with red boxes in the photo below.

The next photo shows a close-up of the bridges.  As Stefania builds them, she has to make sure that they have the correct fit and that they function properly.  She also has to check that the bridges (and the entire mechanism) open to the correct height, because once she is done, the flute goes to the finisher.  The finisher ads foam and cork adjustment pieces to the bridges to prevent metal-to-metal contact.

Below, we see a close-up of the left-hand bridge.  Once the mechanism meets the correct measurements and is functioning as it should, Stefania adds beveled edges -- purely for aesthetics.

The photo below shows the left-hand bridge as it will look when it is open.

In the photo below, we see another view of both bridges.  You can clearly see the tabs that function to create key motion.

Finally, we see a photo below of the bridges on a finished Handmade Conservatory Aurumite A9 flute.

Close-Up on Split-E

Split-E allows G keys to operate independently to facilitate high E.

Flutists have several options when ordering Powell flutes, and many of these are mechanical options like the split-E.  Flutes that are built with the split-E have upper and lower G keys that operate independently instead of together. When the player depresses the E key, the lower G key closes to help facilitate the high E.

Flutes with a split-E will have a few differences in the mechanism to allow the split-E to function properly.  In a previous post, we took a detailed look at the differences in mechanism tubing on flutes with a split-E.  You may read that post by following this link. Along with the tubing, there are other additional mechanism pieces for the split-E.  The most noticeable is the long, slender piece next to the lower G key.  There is also a small metal tab that extends off of the lower G key cup and a slightly different key arm, with additional pieces next to it on the mechanism tubing. These additional parts allow for the independent motion of the lower G. Because of the mechanical differences between flutes with a split-E in comparison to those without, if you are thinking about purchasing a flute with a split-E, you will definitely want to try one first to see how the different mechanism feels.  Most flutists will, of course, try flutes before buying them.  However, if you are about to purchase a flute with mechanism options that differ from the flute you currently play, you will want to make sure to test the new flute, paying close attention to how it feels.

Red rectangle around additional pieces on and next to lower G key.

Yellow box around additional parts on mechanism tubing.

The Handmade Conservatory Flutes of Yesterday and Today

A 2013 Conservatory - inline with split-E

Looking back through our archives, we found the 2002 Powell Handmade Conservatory brochure, which was the first brochure for that particular model line.  Twelve years later, the Handmade Conservatory flutes are some of Powell's most popular models.  So, how have they changed?  Looking at the original brochure helps answer that question...

The Handmade Conservatory flutes of 2002 had at least one characteristic from their predecessor, the 2100 -- the "Posi-Stop" tail design.  The brochure describes this feature as follows:

Posi-Stop design

In order to maximize the response of the flute, none of the key tails rest on the flute tube.  Instead, their movement is halted by nearby invisible Posi-Stops, which look like small spring posts set on the ribs of the flute.

Also, the early Handmade Conservatory flutes, just like today's models, offered the choice of a Powell Custom headjoint.  The difference in 2002 was that the headjoint styles available were the Boston and the Philharmonic.  The headjoint descriptions from the brochure are below:

The Boston style headjoint combines its own, graceful embouchure plate with modern undercutting techniques.  It is easily controlled, and produces an open, clear tone with exceptional projection.

The Philharmonic headjoint is readily identified by its broader embouchure plate.  Articulation is crisp and clean, and this style is capable of broad dynamic and timbral ranges.  A player can create a deep, rich tone with extraordinary carrying power and focus.

Today, the Philharmonic cut is one of three Custom headjoint styles (Philharmonic, Soloist, and Venti), all of which are available with the Conservatory models.

Finally, when comparing "spec charts" from the 2002 and 2014 brochures, we can see differences in G key and split-E options in particular.  In 2002, the Handmade Conservatory flutes (just like today) were offered with either an inline or offset G.  However, in 2002, Handmade Conservatory flutes that had a split-E were "half offset."  Today's Handmade Conservatory flutes come with a split-E option for both inline and offset models.  The split-E inline option was introduced on the Handmade Conservatory flutes in 2013.  Also, both the 2002 and current Handmade Conservatory flutes have French (open) cups.  The 2002 models came with the option of American cups, which were French cups with Plug-Os.  Between 2002 and 2014, Handmade Conservatory flutes have kept their material choices, being offered in either sterling silver or Aurumite 9k.  For more on the today's Handmade Conservatory flutes, visit https://powellflutes.com/flutes/handmade-conservatory.

2002 Spec Chart

2014 Spec Chart

Page from the 2002 brochure highlighting choices.

Page from 2002 highlighting body material and headjoint styles.

Offset G and Split-E

Last week, we took a closer look at a flute with a C# trill and the extra part of the mechanism that was built on to the flute for the key to function.  We stopped by the finishing area this week and spoke with flute finisher Cynthia Miguel Targa.  Cynthia was finishing a 19.5K Powell Custom with 14K keys.  The flute she was finishing also had an offset G and split-E.  Much like the flute with the C# trill, the flute with the split-E had an additional part to the mechanism as well.  For the split-E to function, an extra mechanism tube is added -- but this tube is hollow (you will see it in the photos below).  You can tell that the tube is hollow because there are no posts at the end.  Posts would have screws in them as well.

Because this particular flute has an offset G, the G keys have their own mechanism tubing complete with a rod, posts, and screws.  The offset G keys must have their own mechanism rod and tubing because of their position.  Since the G keys are not inline, they cannot be part of one long mechanism tube that a flute with an inline G would have.  Underneath the G keys, the G# key has its own mechanism tubing and rod as well.

So, if you have an inline flute with no extra options like a C# trill or split-E, you will see two long mechanism tubes.  There will also be separate tubing for the thumb keys and the G# (as mentioned).  If you do have options, take a closer look -- you'll see some of the extra parts of the mechanism for yourself!

There are two mechanism tubes on this flute -- one for the split-E, and one for the offset G.

Red arrow points to the split-E.

Red arrows point to the extra mechanism tubing for the split-E and offset G.

Another view of the split-E mechanism tubing (which is hollow).

A silver Conservatory with an inline G and no split-E for comparison.  The G keys are on one long mechanism tube.